关节镜引导下复位内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效和对患者膝关节功能恢复及生活质量的影响

目的研究关节镜引导下复位内固定对胫骨平台骨折(FTP)患者的疗效和膝关节功能恢复及生活质量的影响。方法选取该院2016年8月-2018年3月收治的FTP患者104例,采用随机数字法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组52例。观察组行膝关节镜辅助切开复位内固定术,对照组患者行传统切开复位内固定术。比较两组患者的手术指标(切口长度、出血量、手术用时、术后引流量及下床时间)、骨生化指标[Ca~(2+)、降钙素(CT)、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)和骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(NBAP)]、治疗疗效、膝关节功能Lysholm评分、生活质量SF-36评分和并发症发生情况。结果治疗前,两组患者骨生化指标、膝关节功能Lysholm评分、生活质量SF-36评分均无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组切口长度、出血量、术后引流量、下床时间、NBAP明显少于对照组(P 0.01),观察组手术时间、Ca~(2+)、CT、BMP水平、Lysholm评分和SF-36评分均明显高于对照组(P 0.01)。观察组治疗有效率为90.38%,明显高于对照组80.77%(P 0.01)。观察组并发症发生率为11.54%,明显低于对照组28.84%(χ~2=4.69,P=0.002)。结论关节镜引导下复位内固定能够明显提升FTP患者的疗效,促进膝关节功能恢复,改善患者骨代谢指标,提高患者的生活质量,值得向临床推广应用。     

Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: Optimal timing of partial hepatectomy

BackgroundPartial hepatectomy has been used to treat patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which spontaneously ruptured. It is still controversial as to whether emergency partial hepatectomy (EmPH) should be carried out at the time of rupture, or the patients should initially be managed by operative or non-operative treatment to stop the bleeding, followed by staged early or delayed partial hepatectomy when the patient's condition becomes stable.MethodsConsecutive 10-year patients with ruptured HCC managed at our center were included in this study. Patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were further subdivided into the EmPH group, the staged early partial hepatectomy (SEPH) group, and the staged delayed partial hepatectomy (SDPH) group. Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors affecting overall survival(OS) were conducted before and after propensity score matching analyses amongst the included patients. OS, postoperative mortality, recurrence free survival (RFS), and peritoneal metastatic rates were compared. The risk factors of peritoneal metastases were determined using the COX regression analysis.ResultsThe 130 patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were subdivided into the EmPH group (surgery at the time of rupture, n = 30), the SEPH group (surgery ≤ 8 days of rupture, n = 67), and the SDPH group (surgery > 8 days of rupture, n = 33). The remaining 86 patients underwent non-surgical treatment. Partial hepatectomy was an independent predictor of better OS (HR 2.792, P < 0.001). For resectable HCC, the 30-day mortality, OS, and RFS were similar between the EmPH group, and the staged partial hepatectomy (SPH) group which included the patients who underwent SEPH and SDPH. The SEPH group had significantly better OS and RFS. Multivariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that SDPH was strongly associated with postoperative peritoneal dissemination (OR 28.775, P = 0.003).ConclusionPartial hepatectomy provided significantly better survival than non-surgical treatment for patients who presented with ruptured HCC. Early partial hepatectomy within 8 days of rupture which included EmPH (carefully selected) and SEPH, resulted in significantly less patients with peritoneal dissemination and better long-term survival outcomes (especially RFS) than SDPH.     

Reliability of Modified Harris Hip Score as a tool for outcome evaluation of Total Hip Replacements in Indian population

BackgroundStandard Harris Hip Score (HHS) is a validated tool, to measure the functional status of an individual and has been traditionally used to assess the condition of a patient with hip pathologies. Harris hip score in its standard form includes a physician’s physical examination component which has a high inter-observer variability. A modified version of HHS (MHHS) was devised and brought into use, but has not been validated as an outcome measure, post total hip replacement (THR) in Indian population.Methods101 patients with 122 hips for whom THR was done, were followed up, and HHS and MHHS were recorded at a minimum followup of 6 months.ResultsThe mean MHHS was 78.97 with a standard deviation of 15.017. There was positive correlation between the two functional outcome scores with a p value of 0.001. MHHS was found to be reliable with a significant intraclass correlation coefficient (p = 0.001).ConclusionMHHS is a reliable and valid tool to measure functional outcome in patients undergoing Total Hip Replacements.     

Bypass Surgery or Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes

Background

The randomized EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) trial reported a similar rate of the 3-year composite primary endpoint of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and site-assessed low or intermediate SYNTAX scores treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Whether these results are consistent in high-risk patients with diabetes, who have fared relatively better with CABG in most prior trials, is unknown.

Predictors of response and survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nivolumab: real-world experience

Real-world predictors of the treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. This retrospective study enrolled 87 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC from May 2017 to December 2019 at two hospitals. Of the 87 patients, 7, 9, 60, and 11 patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages A, B, C, and D, respectively, and 45, 30, and 10 patients were Child-Pugh class A, B, and C, respectively. The median injection numbers of nivolumab and treatment duration were 6 (3-8) and 2.53 (1.47-4.23) months, respectively, and 64.4% of patients received combination therapy. Radiological imaging was not assessed for 25 patients. Objective response (OR) and disease control rates were 19.5% and 39.1%, respectively. A single tumor (odds ratio: 9.542, P = .015) and ≥20% decline in serum α-fetoprotein protein (AFP) levels within the first 3 months of treatment (defined as AFP response, odds ratio: 5.997, P = .042) were predictors of OR. Lack of macrovascular invasion, combination therapy, and AFP response were predictors of progression-free survival. A Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score of 0-2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.717, P = .004) and grade 1-2 immune-related adverse events (irAEs, HR: 2.217, P = .049) were predictors of overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort, and a CLIP score of 0-2 (HR: 3.257, P = .009) was a predictor of OS in evaluable patients. IrAEs ≥ grade 3 were noted in 14 patients, and three died as a result. Having a single tumor and AFP response were predictors of OR, and CLIP score was a predictor of OS.     

Symptom improvement in dry eye subjects following intranasal tear neurostimulation: Results of two studies utilizing a controlled adverse environment

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the intranasal tear neurostimulator (ITN) in improving dry eye symptoms assessed in a controlled adverse environment (CAE®).MethodsStudy 1: Multicenter, subject-masked, randomized-sequence, crossover design. Single intranasal (active) and extranasal (control) ITN administration during CAE exposure. Study 2: Single-arm, open-label design. Intranasal ITN administration ≥2 times/day for 45 days, CAE assessment at days 0 and 45. In both studies, upon CAE entry, and every 5 min thereafter, subjects assessed eye dryness score (visual analog scale, 0–100 mm; EDS-VAS), and ocular discomfort score (ODS; Ora Calibra™, 0–4), for ≈2 h. Study 1: when ODS was ≥3 at 2 consecutive timepoints, subjects applied ITN intranasally or extranasally for ≈3 min, and again when achieving the same ODS criteria in randomized sequence. Study 2: days 0 and 45, ITN was applied for ≈3 min employing the same ODS criteria as Study 1.ResultsStudy 1: Significantly greater pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−16.5 [1.7] vs −3.1 [1.7], P < 0.0001) and ODS (−0.93 [0.08] vs −0.34 [0.08], P < 0.0001; n = 143) with intranasal vs extranasal stimulation. Study 2: On day 0 (n = 52) and day 45 (n = 48), significant pre- to post-application reductions in mean [SEM] EDS (−15.9 [2.7] and −15.2 [2.4]; P < 0.0001), and ODS (−1.3 [0.2] and −1.3 [0.1]; P < 0.0001). Few device-related adverse events were reported, none serious.ConclusionsAcute symptom relief is significant with the ITN and remains undiminished after daily use.     

不同直腿抬高扳腿法对推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效的影响

目的探讨不同直腿抬高扳腿法对推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效的影响。方法选择2018年5月—2019年1月在广西中医药大学第一附属医院推拿科治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者100例,随机分为对照组与观察组各50例。2组均采用相同的松解类推拿手法治疗,治疗过程中观察组采用改进的直腿抬高扳腿法,对照组采用常规的直腿抬高扳腿法。2组均以治疗6次为1个疗程,疗程之间间隔1 d,共治疗4个疗程。观察2组治疗效果及治疗前后患侧直腿抬高角度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、日本骨科学会腰椎功能量表评分(JOA评分)变化和治疗过程中可能发生的不良反应。结果观察组与对照组愈显率分别为74%(37/50)、54%(27/50),总有效率分别为96%(48/50)、94%(47/50),观察组愈显率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),2组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者患侧直腿抬高角度均显著增大(P均<0.05),VAS评分均显著降低(P均<0.05),JOA评分均显著升高(P均<0.05);治疗后2组比较,观察组患侧直腿抬高角度显著大于对照组(P<0.05),VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),JOA评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者均未出现疼痛症状加重等手法反应,对照组有7例患者出现不同程度的腰臀疼痛症状加重。结论在采用推拿手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症时,改进的直腿抬高扳腿法较常规的直腿抬高扳腿法疗效更为显著,可能发生的不良反应更少。     

Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory markers in resectable biliary tract cancer – Validation and comparison of the Glasgow Prognostic Score and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in a Western cohort

IntroductionEstablished preoperative prognostic factors for risk stratification of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) are lacking. A prognostic value of the inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in BTC has been indicated in several Eastern cohorts. We sought to validate and compare the prognostic value of the GPS and the mGPS for overall survival (OS), in a large Western cohort of patients with BTC.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective single-center study for the period 2009 until 2017. 216 consecutive patients that underwent surgical exploration with a diagnosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), or gallbladder cancer (GBC) were assessed. GPS and mGPS were calculated where both CRP and albumin were measured pre-operatively (n = 168/216). Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimate and uni-/multivariate Cox regression.ResultsGPS and mGPS were negatively associated with survival (p < 0.001/p < 0.001), and the association was significant in all three subgroups. GPS, but not the mGPS, identified an intermediate risk group: with GPS = 1 having better OS than GPS = 2 (p = 0.003), but worse OS than GPS = 0 (p = 0.008). In multivariate analyses of resected patients, GPS (p = 0.001) and mGPS (p = 0.03) remained significant predictors of survival, independent of postoperatively available risk factors.ConclusionsPreoperative GPS and mGPS are independent prognostic factors in BTC. The association to OS was shown in all patients undergoing exploration, in resected patients only, and in both cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Furthermore, GPS – which weights hypoalbuminemia higher – could identify an intermediate risk group.